In vitro study of dual layer mixed matrix hollow fiber membranes for outside-in filtration of human blood plasma

Hemodialysis mainly removes small water-soluble uremic toxins but cannot effectively remove middle molecules and protein-bound toxins. Besides, the therapy is intermittent leading to fluctuating blood values fluid status which adversely impacts patients’ health. Prolonged hemodialysis (with adequate anticoagulation) could improve removal of development portable wearable artificial kidneys offer more flexibility in dialysis scheme. This would enhance overall health, autonomy, mobility flexibility, allowing patients participate social economic life. However, time that exposed dialyzer material longer during prolonged hemodialysis, clots obstruct fiber lumen, resulting a decrease effective membrane surface area available for toxin removal. The outside-in filtration (OIF) mode, wherein flows through inter-fiber space instead lumina, has been applied widely oxygenators prevent clotting, not hemodialysis. In this study, we present first mixed matrix (MMM) OIF human plasma. MMM combines diffusion adsorption consists polymeric with activated carbon (AC) particles on inside layer, particle-free layer outer layer. Our results show vitro fibers demonstrate superior toxins, indoxyl sulfate hippuric acid, compared both earlier designed inside-out mode commercial high-flux fibers. Current decreased We have prepared, time, dual hollow membranes (OIF). flow lumina clotting. Moreover, MMMs combine (protein-bound) believe new design our an important contribution concerning kidney systems improvement health well-being renal failure.